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With the continuous progress of science and technology, the improvement of computer information and the continuous development of automatic control technology, welding automation technology has also undergone tremendous changes. At present, as an efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly welding method, automatic welding has attracted more and more attention.

The working principle of automatic 1. welding technology

Automatic welding technology is a processing technology that combines welding principle, automatic control principle and mechanical movement principle. The automation of the welding process is realized. In the automatic welding technology, the installation and positioning of the workpiece and welding equipment are completed by the workpiece clamping mechanism, demoulding mechanism, welding torch clamping mechanism, welding torch pneumatic adjustment mechanism and other devices, and then by the guide rail bed, rotating mechanism, rotating turntable, pneumatic tail top sliding table mechanism and other devices to realize the front and back, left and right, up and down movement of the welding torch and workpiece.

At present, automatic welding technology not only adopts the above principles and technologies, but also widely uses digital technology and artificial intelligence technology to extend automatic welding technology to a higher technology platform. Submerged arc welding, plasma arc welding, laser welding, laser hybrid welding, MIG/MAG welding, TIG welding, robot welding, etc. Are commonly used automatic welding equipment and methods [1].

Demand for automatic welding in the 2. machining industry

In today's era of science and technology so developed, the previous manual welding technology has been difficult to meet the needs of the development of the times. With the continuous development of automatic welding technology, this technology has had a very far-reaching impact on the machinery industry, and automatic welding technology has become an indispensable part of the mechanical processing field. Five years ago, China became the world's largest steel consumer, with steel consumption exceeding 0.2 billion tons. In 2014, China's total output of welding materials was 5.68 million tons, of which submerged arc welding wire production accounted for only about 10.5, 596000 tons, with an average annual growth rate of about 10%. So far, according to the current situation of my country's welding field, automatic welding has met the following four requirements in the field of mechanical processing in time.

(1) Reduce labor costs

In terms of enterprise costs, automatic welding technology greatly reduces labor costs due to high work efficiency. In today's era of high labor costs, automatic welding technology greatly alleviates the labor costs of enterprises, thereby reducing the input costs of enterprises.

(2) Reduce welding hazards

Welding technology is considered to be a kind of work that is harmful to the health of workers. Arc light, smoke and high temperature produced by manual arc welding have a great impact on human health. At the same time, long-term welding operations are high-intensity labor for workers. With the application of automatic welding technology, it not only reduces the labor intensity of workers, but also further alleviates the pressure and harm of manual welding to workers.

(3) Meet higher welding quality requirements

For the requirements of high-strength welding operations, if only rely on manual to complete, it is difficult to ensure the quality of welding. With the continuous development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of people's requirements for product quality, the products that need to be welded are gradually inclined to refinement and diversification. Therefore, automatic welding has replaced manual welding due to its various advantages.

(IV) meet the requirements of enterprise competition

With the continuous development of China's market economy, the competitiveness of enterprises is also heating up. With the advent of the globalization of machining manufacturing industry, the quality of welding equipment and welding technology of an enterprise directly determines the core competitiveness of the enterprise [2]. As an advanced processing equipment and technology with high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection, automatic welding has undoubtedly greatly improved the competitiveness of enterprises.

Application of 3. automatic welding in machining

Automatic welding equipment is a kind of welding equipment with high degree of automation, which belongs to the special machine of adaptive control. Through its own sensor and electronic detection circuit, it can automatically track the trajectory of the weld, and even automatically set and adjust the welding parameters. In addition, it can also use advanced sensors, such as vision sensors, antenna sensors, photosensitive sensors, etc., And through the cooperation with computer system, software and database to achieve intelligent parameter adjustment, manual operation is very simple. However, due to the limitations of many conditions, the application of intelligent welding in actual production is less [3]. This paper mainly discusses the application of automatic welding in machining from two aspects: automatic welding machine and welding robot.